Can OBGYNs Perform Surgery?

When discussing the role of obstetricians and gynecologists (OBGYNs) in patient care, questions often arise about the scope of their practice. A common query is whether OBGYNs can perform surgery. On top of that, if they can perform surgery, what kind of procedures would one visit an OBGYN for?

Do OBGYNs Perform Surgery?

OBGYNs are medical doctors who specialize in women’s reproductive health. Their broad responsibilities include preventive care, diagnosis, treatment of gynecological conditions, and management of pregnancy and childbirth. A key component of their training also equips them to perform surgeries.

OBGYNs undergo both medical school and a dedicated residency program lasting four years. During this period, they are extensively trained in surgical procedures related to reproductive health, obstetrics, and gynecology. This allows them to perform both minor and major surgeries. Their primary focus is typically on conditions of the female reproductive system. Their surgical expertise can often extend to broader areas connected to women’s health.

It is necessary to note that while all OBGYNs are trained to perform surgery, the types of operations they specialize in may vary depending on their further training. Some choose to specialize in areas such as gynecologic oncology, reproductive endocrinology, or maternal-fetal medicine. These subspecialties may involve additional surgeries that go beyond the general scope of an OBGYN’s practice.

What Types of Surgeries Do OBGYNs Perform?

OBGYNs perform a wide range of surgical procedures. These can generally be categorized into gynecological surgeries and obstetric surgeries. Below is a breakdown of these categories and examples of surgeries typically performed by them.

Gynecological Surgeries

Gynecological surgeries deal with conditions related to the female reproductive system. Common procedures in this category include:

• Hysterectomy: A hysterectomy involves the removal of the uterus and is performed for various reasons, including uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and certain cancers. Depending on the condition, this procedure may be done via traditional open surgery, minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery, or robotic-assisted surgery. 
• Ovarian Cyst Removal: OBGYNs remove ovarian cysts that cause pain, discomfort, or an increased risk of complications. These cysts are often removed laparoscopically for faster recovery and reduced scarring. 
• Tubal Ligation: Commonly known as “having one’s tubes tied,” this permanent form of contraception involves blocking or sealing the fallopian tubes. 

Obstetric Surgeries

Obstetric surgeries are procedures related to pregnancy and childbirth. These include:

• Cesarean Section (C-section): OBGYNs routinely perform C-sections to deliver babies when vaginal delivery is not possible or poses a risk to the mother or baby. This surgical procedure involves creating incisions in the abdomen and uterus to safely deliver the infant. 
• Ectopic Pregnancy Surgery: When a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, an OBGYN may perform surgery to remove the pregnancy and prevent complications. This surgery is often conducted laparoscopically. 

Conclusion

OBGYNs possess the knowledge, training, and expertise to perform a variety of surgical procedures related to reproductive health, pregnancy, and pelvic region disorders. These surgeries range from routine interventions like Cesarean sections to more specialized procedures such as hysterectomies and pelvic organ prolapse repairs. By combining medical and surgical expertise with a patient-centered approach, OBGYNs play a key role in addressing the varied health needs of women, making sure they receive the best possible care.