How To Install a Toilet Flange in 8 Steps

A toilet flange—also known as a closet flange—is a vital plumbing component that connects your toilet to the waste pipe and secures it to the floor. Without a properly installed flange, your toilet may wobble, leak, or allow sewer gases into your home. Fortunately, installing a toilet flange is a manageable DIY task with the right tools and guidance.

Whether you’re replacing an old flange or installing a new one during a bathroom renovation, this step-by-step guide will walk you through the process. Read on to learn how to install a toilet flange in 8 simple steps.

Tools and Materials You’ll Need

Before you start, make sure you have the following:

• New toilet flange (PVC or metal, depending on your plumbing)

• Toilet flange repair ring (optional if you’re fixing a damaged flange)

• Wax ring or wax-free toilet seal

• Screws or bolts (usually included with the flange)

• Screwdriver or power drill

• Adjustable wrench

• Putty knife

• Measuring tape

• PVC cement (if you’re using a PVC flange)

• Gloves and safety glasses

Step 1: Turn Off Water Supply and Remove the Toilet

Before doing anything, shut off the water supply to your toilet. Locate the shutoff valve behind or near the base of the toilet and turn it clockwise. Flush the toilet to drain water from the tank and bowl. Use a sponge or towel to soak up any remaining water in the bowl or tank.

Next, disconnect the water supply line from the bottom of the tank. Use an adjustable wrench to loosen the nuts. Once disconnected, remove the caps on the base of the toilet and unscrew the bolts holding it to the floor. Carefully lift the toilet and set it aside on a towel or old blanket.

Step 2: Remove the Old Toilet Flange

With the toilet out of the way, you’ll have clear access to the old flange. Use a putty knife to scrape away any wax ring residue. Examine the flange to determine whether it’s damaged or rusted.

To remove the old flange:

• Unscrew the bolts securing it to the floor.

• If it’s glued to the drainpipe, use a chisel or pry bar to break it loose.

• For PVC flanges, you may need to cut the pipe and install a coupling for the new flange.

Proper removal is crucial to ensuring a tight, leak-free fit when installing the new flange.

Step 3: Inspect and Prepare the Drain Pipe

Check the condition of the waste pipe underneath the old flange. Make sure it’s free from cracks, debris, or obstructions. Use a flashlight to inspect inside the pipe for any buildup or blockage.

If the pipe is in good condition and sits slightly below the finished floor, you’re ready to install the new flange. Otherwise, you may need to make pipe height adjustments or install an extender ring if the flange sits too low.

Step 4: Choose the Right Flange for Your Plumbing

Toilet flanges come in a variety of materials, such as PVC, ABS, and stainless steel. Select a flange that matches your existing drainpipe material.

There are also different styles:

• Standard flange: Fits inside or over the drain pipe

• Offset flange: Ideal for shifting the toilet’s position slightly

• Repair flange: Used to cover damaged or corroded flanges

If you’re unsure which flange suits your setup, consult a professional plumber or check resources like https://www.thegreatplumbingco.com/, which offer helpful guidance and installation services.

Step 5: Install the New Toilet Flange

Place the new flange into or over the drainpipe to ensure a snug fit. The flange’s collar should sit flush and level with the finished floor. If it’s too high or too low, you may need a flange extender or to trim the pipe.

Once aligned:

• Apply PVC cement to the flange and pipe (if required) and press them together

• Rotate slightly to spread the adhesive

• Let it sit for a few minutes until the cement bonds

Make sure the flange’s bolt slots are aligned parallel to the wall behind the toilet. This ensures your toilet bolts will be positioned correctly for installation.

Step 6: Secure the Flange to the Floor

Use screws or bolts to fasten the flange to the floor. The flange must be anchored securely to prevent rocking or movement of the toilet.

Tips:

• If you’re drilling into concrete, use a masonry bit and concrete anchors

• For wood subfloors, standard wood screws work well

• Tighten screws evenly to avoid warping or cracking the flange

Once secured, insert the toilet bolts into the flange slots. These bolts will anchor the toilet to the flange later in the process.

Step 7: Install the Wax Ring or Seal

A wax ring provides an airtight and watertight seal between the toilet and the flange. Place the ring on the flange or underside of the toilet outlet.

You can also opt for a wax-free seal, which offers a cleaner, reusable option. These are often easier to work with, especially for first-time DIYers.

Make sure the ring is centered and securely placed—misalignment can cause leaks once the toilet is seated.

Step 8: Reinstall the Toilet

With the wax ring in place and the bolts ready, lift the toilet and carefully lower it over the flange, aligning the holes with the bolts. Press down firmly to compress the wax ring and create a seal.

Once aligned:

• Add washers and nuts to the bolts

• Tighten the nuts gradually, alternating sides to keep pressure even

• Avoid overtightening to prevent cracking the porcelain

Reattach the water supply line and turn the shutoff valve counterclockwise to restore water flow. Flush the toilet a few times to check for leaks.

Finish by replacing the bolt caps at the toilet base and cleaning up any excess wax or debris.

Bonus Tips for a Successful Installation

• Always double-check that your flange is level with the finished floor

• Use a flange spacer if your new flooring raised the floor height

• If you’re uncomfortable with plumbing tools or unsure of your setup, hiring a professional can save time and frustration

Conclusion

Installing a toilet flange may seem like a small job, but it’s crucial to your bathroom’s plumbing integrity. With a few tools, a bit of patience, and a clear step-by-step plan, you can confidently complete the task and ensure a stable, leak-free toilet.

If your project turns out to be more complicated—like dealing with damaged pipes, concrete subfloors, or unusual plumbing configurations—don’t hesitate to seek professional help. Resources like The Great Plumbing offer trusted plumbing services and expert advice to handle even the most challenging installations.

By following these 8 steps, you’ll ensure your toilet is securely mounted and your bathroom remains clean, sanitary, and worry-free.