What to Know Before Getting Ankle Replacement Surgery

Ankle replacement surgery, also known as total ankle arthroplasty, is a procedure that can significantly improve the lives of those suffering from chronic ankle pain or limited mobility. This surgery is particularly beneficial for those experiencing severe ankle issues due to arthritis, past injuries, or degenerative conditions. If you’re considering this surgery, this article will give you a better understanding of the process, risks, benefits, and recovery. 

Understanding the Need for Ankle Replacement Surgery

Ankle replacement surgery is often recommended for individuals with chronic ankle pain that limits daily activities. Conditions like arthritis, degenerative joint disease, and severe injuries are the primary causes of such pain. For those who haven’t found relief through nonsurgical treatments, this procedure offers a chance to regain mobility and reduce discomfort. The surgery can significantly enhance the quality of life, especially for older adults and athletes.

Signs that you may need ankle replacement include persistent pain, difficulty walking, and stiffness. If medications or physical therapy haven’t helped, surgery might be the next step. A clear diagnosis from your doctor will guide the decision-making process.

Risks and Benefits of Ankle Replacement Surgery

Like any major surgery, ankle replacement has both risks and benefits. The benefits are generally significant, with most patients reporting a dramatic reduction in pain. Many also experience better mobility, allowing them to engage in daily activities and exercise without discomfort. The procedure also preserves joint motion, which is a key difference from ankle fusion.

However, risks do exist. These can include infection, blood clots, nerve damage, or wear and tear of the artificial joint over time. Additionally, some patients may require a revision surgery within 10 to 15 years. Discussing these risks with a surgeon will help you understand the potential outcomes specific to your situation.

Pre-Surgery Preparation

Proper preparation is essential for a successful surgery and recovery. Your surgeon will conduct a thorough medical evaluation, reviewing your health and medical history. They will also perform imaging studies, such as X-rays or MRIs, to assess the extent of joint damage.

Lifestyle changes may be advised to improve your overall health, such as quitting smoking or losing excess weight. You’ll also receive specific instructions regarding medications to avoid before surgery. Preparing your home to ensure a safe and comfortable environment during recovery is also important.

What Happens During the Procedure?

Ankle replacement surgery typically takes about 2 to 3 hours and is performed under general or spinal anesthesia. The surgeon will remove the damaged portions of the ankle joint and replace them with artificial components made of metal and plastic. This helps replicate the function of a natural ankle joint.

After the surgery, the incisions will be closed, and your ankle will be immobilized in a cast or splint. You’ll likely remain in the hospital for one or two days for monitoring and initial recovery. Once you’re discharged, follow-up appointments will be scheduled to track your progress.

Post-Surgery Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery from ankle replacement surgery can be challenging but is important for achieving the best results. During the first few weeks, your ankle will be immobilized, and you’ll need crutches or a walker to avoid putting weight on the affected leg. Rehabilitation begins as early as two weeks after surgery, with physical therapy focused on restoring strength and mobility. 

Long-Term Expectations and Outcomes

Most people who undergo ankle replacement surgery experience long-term pain relief and improved mobility. On average, the artificial joint lasts 10 to 15 years before it may need to be replaced. However, factors such as age, health, and adherence to rehabilitation play a significant role in the longevity of the joint. Patients who follow their post-surgery instructions and maintain a healthy lifestyle often achieve the best outcomes. 

Alternative Treatments

Before opting for ankle replacement surgery, other treatment options might be suitable for managing symptoms. Ankle fusion is one possibility, where the bones in the ankle are permanently joined to eliminate pain but limit joint motion. Cortisone injections or medications may provide temporary relief from inflammation and pain.

Physical therapy is another alternative that can help improve joint function and strengthen surrounding muscles. Bracing and orthotic devices can also offer support and stability. It’s important to discuss all available options with your doctor to determine the best path for you.